上海政协委员热议“元宇宙” 冀促长三角协作******
中新社上海1月11日电 (范宇斌)“上海应更注重市内各区之间和与长三角重点省市之间的协同合作，通过强化合规监管有力引导市场主体有序竞逐‘元宇宙’新赛道，真正达到强化实体经济韧性的目标。”上海市政协委员、中国国民党革命委员会上海市委员会秘书长翟骏11日接受中新社记者采访时说。
正在此间举行的2023年上海市两会上，“元宇宙”成为热词。《上海市培育“元宇宙”新赛道行动方案(2022-2025年)》于2022年7月发布，为上海抢先布局“元宇宙”新赛道指明了方向。
针对上海实际，翟骏指出，上海应注重区域分工，立足各区禀赋优势，确定差异化主攻方向，加快塑造“元宇宙”产业生态核心竞争力。
例如，闵行可推动“元宇宙+数字电竞”创新应用；浦东可实现“元宇宙+智能制造”示范应用；长宁可构建“元宇宙+智慧生活+数字服务”试点应用；青浦可建设“元宇宙+虚拟会展+数字贸易”试点应用……
“在抢先布局‘元宇宙’新赛道过程中，上海与长三角重点省市协同合作方式有待进一步明晰。”翟骏说，长三角近沪城市都希望上海发挥龙头作用，带动本地相关产业嵌入长三角“元宇宙”大产业版图。
“要推进开放合作，谋划上海与长三角省市产业协作网络。”翟骏建议，上海可与长三角重点省市之间建立政府和企业层面的常态化沟通机制；加快搭建合作平台，推动长三角重点省市间企业资源与创新资源合理有序流动配置，强化城市间的协同合作；强化政策协同，放大长三角一体化政策红利。
“要警惕‘元宇宙’概念过分炒作、无序炒作，导致部分企业‘脱实向虚’。”翟骏指出，当下政策导向应立足于鼓励企业开展“元宇宙”产业相关的核心技术研发攻关与应用场景方案搭建，从而达到“以虚促实”的目的。“需要警惕的是，部分企业可能将自身包装成‘元宇宙’概念企业，通过生产粗制滥造产品和‘伪元宇宙’服务来赚取‘快钱’或者骗取政府短期扶持政策等。”
2023年上海市两会期间，中国国民党革命委员会上海市委员会提交了题为《筑牢“元宇宙”发展的“规则底座”》的大会书面发言，认为“元宇宙”作为数字经济最新场景，是全球产业调整的新机遇，要在识变中应变，解决“元宇宙”发展中的关键问题。
如何构建“元宇宙”的底层秩序？该份建言的执笔人、上海市政协委员、上海交通大学凯原法学院教授程金华表示，“元宇宙”产业发展要尊重市场和技术规律，法律介入需宽严适度；“元宇宙”市场流通要抓住发展重点和堵点，法律保障需审时度势；“元宇宙”权益保护要兼顾市场发展与安全，法律救济需多元平衡。
“‘元宇宙’不只是一个技术问题，它涉及到人类生活生存的心理范式转变，甚至关系到人类未来的命运。”上海市政协委员、民进会员、上海市水务局科技发展处一级调研员崔海灵说，要用好技术，以虚促实，同时要注重从哲学、伦理学、心理学、脑科学、社会学、法学等领域协同推进。
崔海灵建议，高校与“元宇宙”技术头部企业可以协同组建联合实验室，开展跨学科研究，围绕人机交互新技术、数字资产监管、数字空间风险及外溢治理等进行先导性研究，为未来有关法律法规和标准制定提供依据。
上海市政协委员、商汤科技董事长兼CEO徐立表示，“作为一种新兴业态，‘元宇宙’有望成为下一代生产力工具，赋能千行百业。在发展过程中，首先要凝聚认知共识，在相关技术和应用尚未成熟的情况下，竞逐‘元宇宙’新赛道可以边发展边规范，先行先试，不断探索规范技术边界。”
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
